The Battle of Fort Peter, or the Battle of Fort Point Peter or Fort Point Petre, was a successful attack by a British force on St. Marys, Georgia and a smaller force of American soldiers at Fort Peter, a small fort protecting the town. Point Peter is located at the mouth of Point Peter Creek and the St. Marys River.[Note 2]
The battle occurred in January 1815, after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which would end the War of 1812, but before the treaty's ratification. The attack on Fort Peter occurred at the same time as the Siege of Fort St. Philip in Louisiana and was part of the British occupation of St. Mary's and Cumberland Island.
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On January 10, 1815, British forces under the command of Admiral Sir George Cockburn landed on Cumberland Island in an effort to tie up American forces and keep them from joining other American forces to help defend New Orleans, Louisiana, and the Gulf Coast.[1] The British force consisted of the three Royal Marines Battalions (560 men in the 1st & 2nd, plus the six companies of the 3rd), ships' detachments of Royal Marines from the squadron (120 men), and two companies from the 2nd West India Regiment (190 men).[3]
Bad weather and lack of materials and ships delayed Cockburn until it was too late to produce any effect on the outcome of the battle for New Orleans. Despite the U.S. victory at New Orleans, the occupation of Cumberland Island continued.
On January 13 a British force first bombarded and then landed near Fort Peter on Point Peter by the town of St. Marys.[1] The British attacked and took the fort without suffering any casualties.[1]
The British land force then headed for St. Marys along the St. Mary’s River. While they were on their way they encountered a small American force of 160 soldiers of the 43rd Infantry Regiment and the Rifle Corps under Captain Abraham A. Massias. A skirmish ensued before the Americans retreated.[4]
Massias estimated the size of the British force as 1500 men. He reported that American casualties on 13 January numbered 1 killed, 4 wounded, and 9 missing.[4] Although Massias believed that British casualties were numerous, they amounted to only three men killed and five wounded in the entire expedition.[1]
On January 15 the British captured St. Marys. American reports suggest that the British looted the jewelry store and stole fine china and other goods from the residents. British reports are that they agreed terms with the town's inhabitants undeer which the residents gave up all public property and all the British respected all private property.[1] The British captured two American gunboats and 12 merchantmen, including the East Indiaman Countess of Harcourt, which an American privateer had captured on her way from India to London.[1]
The British ended their occupation of St. Marys after about a week. They burned the fort, including its blockhouses and barracks, and withdrew to Cumberland Island.[1]
This small battle was the only land engagement during the war to occur within the territory of Georgia.
The British burned Fort Peter to the ground after their victory; it was never rebuilt.
In 1953, a historical marker was placed at the battlefield. As of 2009, archeologists have found thousands of artifacts, including cannons, muskets, musket balls, knives and uniform buttons.
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